Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency. It is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for the majority of cases worldwide. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune condition resulting in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, type 2 diabetes typically develops in adulthood and is often associated with lifestyle factors.

Key features of type 2 diabetes include:

1. Insulin Resistance: The body’s cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream. This resistance leads to an accumulation of glucose in the blood.
2. Insufficient Insulin Production: Over time, the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to overcome the insulin resistance, further contributing to elevated blood sugar levels.
3. Risk Factors: Several factors increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including genetics, age, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of diabetes.
4. Symptoms: Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow wound healing.
5. Complications: Untreated or poorly managed type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye problems.
6. Diagnosis: Diagnosis is typically based on blood tests that measure fasting blood sugar levels, oral glucose tolerance, and HbA1c levels (average blood sugar over the past two to three months).
7. Management: Lifestyle modifications are crucial in managing type 2 diabetes. This includes a healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight management, and monitoring blood sugar levels. Medications, including oral drugs and injectable insulin, may also be prescribed.
8. Prevention: Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented or delayed through lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and adopting a balanced diet.

It’s important for individuals with type 2 diabetes to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a personalized management plan and to monitor and control their blood sugar levels to prevent complications. Regular check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and adherence to prescribed medications are essential components of managing this condition.

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